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History of rail transport in Russia
In Russia, the largest country in the world, its geography of N.-S. rivers and E.-W. commerce made it very suited to develop railroads as its basic mode of transportation. Railroad traffic in the Russian Empire (before 1917) was weak compared to the size of the country, but it boomed under the Soviet Union (1917 to 1991) only to decline after the Soviet Union fell apart, with the Russian Federation being its principal inheritor.
The Soviets modernized the rail system by electrification, building new lines and double-tracking, installing automatic couplers, brakes, and signalling, and founding railway colleges. Soviet Railways became in some aspects (such as freight traffic, electrification, profitability and railway education), superior to all other railroad systems in the world.
Today Russian Railways, a state-owned railway company, is one of the biggest railway companies in the world with 0.95 million employees 〔(Gov't transport statistics )〕 and a monopoly within Russia. The total length of line used by the Russian Railways is, at ,〔(Table 2.13. ПРОТЯЖЕННОСТЬ ЭКСПЛУАТАЦИОННЫХ ПУТЕЙ ЖЕЛЕЗНОДОРОЖНОГО ТРАНСПОРТА ОБЩЕГО ПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ (Rail Line Statistics) )〕 one of the largest in the world, exceeded only by the United States.〔(Railway line length of various countries )〕
==Economic history==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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